Describe what a smart meter does in electrical systems.

A smart meter is an advanced device in electrical systems primarily designed to monitor and record energy consumption with a significant emphasis on providing real-time usage data to consumers. This capability allows users to track their energy use closely, enabling them to make informed decisions about how and when to use electricity. Additionally, smart meters facilitate two-way communication between the meter and the utility company, which can improve grid management, enhance reliability, and support peak load shaving strategies.

Unlike traditional meters that require manual readings, smart meters automate this process and deliver data directly to the utility provider, significantly enhancing accuracy and efficiency in billing. Moreover, they can provide feedback and analytics to the consumer about their energy usage patterns, ultimately promoting energy conservation and more sustainable practices.

Other options fail to capture the comprehensive capabilities of a smart meter. For instance, manual readings do not leverage the technological advancements offered by smart meters, while merely measuring voltage does not encompass the broader functionalities associated with energy consumption monitoring. Disconnecting devices that use excessive energy, while a safety and operational feature in some systems, is not a standard function of smart meters. Thus, the key function of monitoring and recording energy consumption with real-time data stands out as the essential role of smart meters in modern electrical systems.