What is the effect of a short circuit?

A short circuit occurs when electrical current flows along an unintended path with little to no resistance, often bypassing the normal circuit load. This condition results in a drastic and sudden increase in current flow because the electrical resistance is minimal, allowing for excessive current to pass through the circuit.

When the current surges unexpectedly, it poses several dangers. The elevated current can lead to overheating of conductors, which can result in damaged insulation and potentially cause sparks or ignitions that might lead to fires. Hence, the sudden increase in current is a critical factor, as it can damage electrical devices, cause equipment failure, and create hazardous conditions.

Understanding the nature of a short circuit is vital for recognizing the importance of circuit protection mechanisms, such as fuses and circuit breakers, which are designed to interrupt the current flow and mitigate these risks.